3^rd International Conference on Pathology and Pathological Disorders March 14-15, 2022 Madrid, Spain

Clinical Pathology is a medical speciality that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids. Clinical Pathology is one of the major classifications of Pathology. Clinical Pathology is accomplished through a practical diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis. Clinical Pathology is also useful in the diagnosis of recent out broken diseases like Zika fever which is caused by zika virus. Zika virus is transmitted to people primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito. Clinical Pathology so far covers the diagnostic testing, Implications of cancer patients, Prognostic value, clinical and non-clinical toxicology testing, Clinical finding of cancer and other diseases. It emerges other subtopics like Neuropathology. The following topics are the latest research going on in Clinical Pathology. There are 36 associations and societies all over the world and 90 universities are working for clinical pathology. Companies/Laboratories like Clinical Pathology Laboratories and other diagnostics laboratories are leading in research of this clinical pathology and 3400 hospitals around USA are associated with pathology. 

Dermatopathology is a joint subspecialty of dermatology and pathology and to a lesser extent of surgical pathology that focuses on the study of cutaneous diseases at a microscopic and molecular level. It also encompasses analyses of the potential causes of skin diseases at a basic level. In fact, most of them are trained primarily in dermatology themselves. Dermatologists are able to recognize most skin diseases based on their appearances, anatomic distributions, and behaviour. Sometimes, however, those criteria do not allow a conclusive diagnosis to be made, and a skin biopsy is taken to be examined under the microscope or subject to other molecular tests. That process reveals the histology of the disease and results in a specific diagnostic interpretation. In some cases, additional specialized testing needs to be performed on biopsies, including immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and molecular-pathologic analysis.

Cytopathology is a diagnostic technique that examines cells from various body sites to determine the cause or the nature of the disease. The first cytopathology test developed was the Pap test which has been widely utilized in the last 50 years for screening and diagnosing of cervical cancer and its precursors. The Pap test is considered the most successful screening test in medical history. Histopathology is the study of tissues (histology) and cells (cytology) and usually includes morbid anatomy (autopsies). Many refer to this speciality as Cellular Pathology. Histopathologists need good attention to detail for examining tissue and diagnosing disease. Histopathology involves the examination of sampled whole tissues under the microscope.

The renal pathology research findings are associated with light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunofluorescence to obtain the accurate diagnosis. Renal Pathology or kidney pathology covers the topics toxic tubular necrosis, renal carcinomas, Diabetic glomerulosclerosis and other kidney related diseases examined under the microscope or molecular testing. Renal pathology in nephrology, toxins, tumors and Pathology of lupus glomerulonephritis are also very important to research topics for renal pathology. Medical renal diseases may affect the glomerulus, the tubules and interstitium, the vessels, or a combination of these compartments.

Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology refers to the diseases of the mouth, jaws and related structures such as salivary glands, temporomandibular joints, facial muscles and perioral skin. It is a sub-speciality of both dentistry and Pathology or termed as head and neck pathology. It deals with the diagnosis and epidemiology of the disease. It Comprises of Microscopic diagnosis of biopsy specimens, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral cancers, lesions and surgery in pediatric patients and reconstruction of maxillofacial defects. There are 36 associations and societies in USA and 18000 pathologists and 90 universities in USA. 1400 hospitals around USA associated with pathology.

Veterinary Pathology is the study and diagnosis of animal disease by using animal tissue and fluids. Veterinary Pathology is classified into two main disciplines; those are veterinary anatomical pathology and veterinary clinical pathology. Veterinary Pathology deals with the following diseases like Veterinary parasite diseases and Veterinary parasitology whereas Veterinary clinical pathology deals with the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis. The American college of veterinary pathologists and European college veterinary pathologists are the main organizations working on pathology research and grants for the research. Veterinary pathology provides a critical link between the basic and clinical sciences. There are 10 main associations and societies in USA and approximately 60 universities around USA are associated with Veterinary Pathology.

Molecular pathology is an emerging discipline within pathology which is concentrated in the study and conclusion of ailment through the examination of molecules within organs, tissues or bodily fluids. Molecular pathology imparts a few parts of practice with drug development, disease management strategies and is sometimes considered a crossover discipline. It is multi-disciplinary in nature and concentrates primarily on the sub-minute parts of diseases. A key consideration is that more accurate diagnosis is possible when the diagnosis is based on both the morphologic changes in tissues and on molecular testing of diseases like cancer. In this sub-topics Molecular pathology is very useful in drug development and cancer. There are 5 associations and societies and the main association for Molecular Pathology is the Association of Molecular Pathology in USA. 78 universities are working on Molecular Pathology. Companies and hospitals around USA are associated with pathology. NIH has released $197,088 for Molecular Pathology research

e-Pathology is defining the new paradigm of anatomic pathology. Telepathology image-based information sent to the far distance by telecommunication technology for research analysis in both academic and business side. e-Pathology is a complete scan of a microscopic glass slide and the viewing of the eSlide on a computer monitor through a digital software system. The researches in pathology look beyond the Advancements in diagnosis pathology by using the automated image analysis. The global digital pathology market, valued at $1.98 billion in 2012, is estimated to reach $5.7 billion by 2020. The Association of Digital Pathology is the main Association in Digital pathology field and conducts annual Pathology meetings. Ventana, Leica, Philips, GE Health care are the main competitors for Digital Pathology software updates and new releases.

Surgical pathology is the investigation of tissues expelled from living patients amid surgery to help analyze a malady and focus a treatment arrangement. Regularly, the surgical pathologist gives consultation benefits in a wide assortment of organ indications and subspecialties. Surgical pathologists give symptomatic data and/or second conclusions. Case in point, when performing breast cancer surgery, a surgical pathologist's examination of tissues separated during the surgery can help the specialist to figure out if to evacuate lymph nodes under the arm, also. Surgical pathology incorporates both the physical examination of the tissue with the bare eye and inspecting handled tissue under a magnifying instrument. There are 92 universities all over the USA where pathology research works are carried out in that main universities engaged in Surgical Pathology research are Stanford University of Medicine, John Hopkins University, Duke University and Washington University. National Institute of cancer has released $ 1,265,135 for Surgical Pathology research.

Breast cancers can be divided into two main overarching groups: the carcinomas and the sarcomas. Carcinomas are cancers that arise from the epithelial component of the breast. The epithelial component consists of the cells that line the lobules and terminal ducts; under normal conditions, these epithelial cells are responsible for making milk. Carcinomas comprise the vast majority of all breast cancers and will be further discussed below. Sarcomas are rare cancers that arise from the stromal (connective tissue) components of the breast. These stromal component cells include myofibroblasts and blood vessel cells, and cancers arising from these "supportive" cells include phyllodes tumors and angiosarcoma. Sarcomas account for less than 1% of primary breast cancers.

Hematopathology is a subspecialty of pathology. Hematopathology concern with the study of hematopoietic cells diseases and hematological disorders. A wide range of diagnosis test is done in Acute and chronic leukemia, Myelodysplastic syndromes, Myeloproliferative disorders, Anemias, Benign bone marrow and lymph node disorders, B-cell lymphomas and T-cell lymphomas and Cutaneous lymphomas. There are 89 universities all over the USA where pathology research works are carried out in that main universities engaged in Hematopathology research are the University of Texas MD Anderson cancer centre, Stanford University of Medicine, Yale University and Washington University. National Institute of cancer has released $540,054 for Hematopathology research.

A pathogen is a microorganism that is able to cause disease in a plant, animal or insect. Pathogenicity is the ability to produce disease in a host organism. Microbes express their pathogenicity by means of their virulence, a term which refers to the degree of pathogenicity of the microbe. Hence, the determinants of virulence of a pathogen are any of its genetic or biochemical or structural features that enable it to produce disease in a host.

Gastrointestinal pathology (including liver, gallbladder and pancreas) is a recognized sub-speciality discipline of surgical pathology. Recognition of a sub-speciality is generally related to dedicated fellowship training offered within the subspecialty or, alternatively, to surgical pathologists with a special interest and extensive experience in gastrointestinal pathology. The gastrointestinal (GI) pathology determines quality diagnostic histopathology on gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies and resections of the gastrointestinal and pancreatico-biliary systems. Liver disease can occur through several mechanisms. A common form of liver disease is a viral infection. Viral hepatitides such as Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C virus can be vertically transmitted during birth via contact with infected blood.

Anatomical pathology is the major speciality of pathology that deals with the study of the morphologic aspects of the disease. Anatomical Pathology concerns with the diagnosis of tissue and organ based macro or microscopic testing. The latest research undergoes from the following topics like Radiofrequency identification & specimen tracking, advanced biosafety practices, Multi-model anatomical pathology and Anatomical pathology of sexually transmitted diseases.  There are 36 associations and societies in USA and 18000 pathologists and 90 universities in USA. And 630 companies and 3400 hospitals around USA associated with pathology. The market revenue is expected to reach $74.65 billion by 2020 at a CAGR of 5.34% during 2014-2020. Diagnostic Medicine market growth rate is 5-7% yearly.