Day 3 :
- Track 2: Hematopathology
Track 8: Anatomical Pathology
Track 6: Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
Session Introduction
Hina Naushad Qureishi
University of Nebraska medical Center, USA
Title: Genomic signatures in non-hodgkin lymphomas
Time : 10:00-10:25
Biography:
Dr Hina Naushad Qureishi has completed her medical degree from Rawalpindi Medical College, Pakistan. She completed her pathology residency from University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha Nebraska, followed by a one-year surgical pathology fellowship at Washington University School of Medicine/Barnes-Jewish Hospital in St. Louis, MO. She also completed a two-year fellowship in hematopathology from University of Nebraska Medical Center. She worked as an assistant professor at Creighton University Medical Center in Omaha where she directed the flow cytometry and hematology laboratories and was also the director for M2 Hematology/Oncology course. Currently she is as an assistant professor in the division of hematopathology at University of Nebraska Medical Center.
Abstract:
The classification of B-cell and T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma has changed considerably over the last several decades. The currently used World Health Organization (WHO) classification system has a broader consensus among the clinical and biomedical community. However, there are still several challenges in regards to the understanding of tumor biology, clinical outcome and diagnostic accuracy in certain subtypes of lymphomas such as peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), where the diagnosis is frequently challenging even among expert hematopathologists and often time’s assessment requires additional molecular testing. Recently genome-wide high throughput techniques have greatly improved our understanding of B and T-cell lymphomas. This novel genetic information has not only aided in diagnosis, but has also revealed a landscape of critical molecular events that determine the biological and clinical behavior of a lymphoma. In this presentation, I will summarize the genetic characteristics of major subtypes of B-cell and T-cell lymphomas including diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and common subtypes of PTCL including angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), anaplastic T-cell lymphoma (ALCL), adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and extra-nodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL), and how can these improve precision in diagnosis and inform prognosis.
Leon P Bignold
University of Adelaide, Australia
Title: Mechanisms of action of carcinogens for the complexities of the tumor types
Time : 10:25-10:50
Biography:
Leon P Bignold graduated in Medicine from the University of Western Australia, and has post-graduate qualifications in internal medicine, experimental pathology, and diagnostic histopathology. From the 1980s, he has practiced and taught general and diagnostic histopathology at the University of Adelaide and the South Australian state government pathology service (SA Pathology, formerly Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science). He has written many articles on how genomic instability might explain the histopathological features of tumors, as well as related issues. In 2015, he published "Principles of Tumors: A Translational Approach to Foundations", Elsevier, Academic Press, Waltham, MA. With colleagues, he has also published a study of the origins of tumor pathology: "David Paul Hansemann: Contributions to Oncology" Birkhäuser, Basel, (2007) and a volume on the history of medicine: "Virchow's Eulogies" Birkhäuser, Basel, (2008). In 2006, he edited a volume “Cancer: cell structures, carcinogens and genomic instability”.
Abstract:
1. The etio-pathogenesis of tumors is thought to involve somatic mutations / genomic events, but how carcinogens induce genomic events is unclear. 2. For an agent to cause a tumor, five steps are involved (1): (i) The exogenous causative factor(s) enters, or perhaps only impinges on, a somatic cell. (ii) The exogenous agent(s) act on a critical structural or biochemical target(s) in the cell. (iii) A particular function of the target is disturbed. (iv) The disturbance in the function in the target has a pro-tumor genomic effect. (v) The relevant effect(s) / genomic event(s) produce the features of the thousand or so different types of tumors – from different parent cells, but nevertheless, all from the one genome. 3. This paper discusses the pathogenesis of chemical and radiation carcinogenesis under the following headings: (i) Toxicokinetics, including at the nuclear level (1). (ii) The intranuclear structures which may be affected. (iii) The action of carcinogens on susceptible nuclear component. (iiia) The dual dysfunction theory for uni-nucleotide events (1). (iiib) The tether drop theory for chromosomal aberration-like lesions (2). (iiic) The impaired polymerase complex theory for the focal replicative infidelity lesions (3).
Lorenzo Azzi
University of Insubria, Italy
Title: Starting from a cyst in the mandible
Time : 11:05-11:30
Biography:
Lorenzo Azzi is a PhD student of the “Biotechnology, Biosciences and Surgical Technology” course at University of Insubria. He is an oral surgeon and oral pathologist. He is assistant director of the Unit of Oral Pathology, Ospedale di Circolo Fondazione Macchi, Varese. He is active member of the Italian Society of Oral Pathology and Medicine (SIPMO) and of the European Association of Oral Medicine (EAOM)
Abstract:
We present a clinical case which deals with a 59-year-old female patient who presented at our Dental Clinic for a radiolucent bony lesion of the mandible with an odontogenic cyst-like appearance, accidentally detected by an orthopantomogram. First diagnosed as radicular cyst, after histological examination the lesion was identified as Central Giant Cell Granuloma (CGCG) of the mandible. Its aggressive recurrence and locally widespreading behaviour, followed by multi-focal involvement of the mandible, urged the oral pathologist to gather a multidisciplinary team of medical investigation and management, led by the dental practitioner himself in the early stages. Despite the fact that consultation with pathologists led to a full immunohistochemical characterization of the CGCG, the dentist suspected a more severe underlying condition than a CGCG of the jaw. Therefore he collected the x-rays of other body’s areas prescribed in the meantime by other specialists. A careful image comparison revealed the presence of multiple osteolytic lesions on the left knee. The cranial x-ray showed other bony lesions that gave the skull vault a “salt-and-pepper” appearance. Eventually, an haematochemical analysis confirmed the final diagnosis of the pathology, which could have quickly caused the patient’s death. The aim of this case presentation is to put on emphasize the enhancement of the role played by dental practitioners, especially oral surgeons and pathologists, during the diagnostic process in a multidisciplinary team of work. This presentation could be a clinicopathological debate involving discussion about the clinical case with a review of the corresponding pathology.
Priyanka Debta
Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, India
Title: OSCC & myeloid cells (TATE & mast cells)
Biography:
Priyanka Debta has completed her MDS in Oral Pathology and Microbiology (2006-2009) from Deemed University S.P.D.C., India. She has done research in the field of forensic odontology & immunological cells infiltration in carcinoma and in odontogenic cysts. She has participated in national and international conferences and presented papers and posters. Presently she is working in I.D.S., SOA UNIVERSITY, BBSR, Odisha, India. Her various studies and reports have been published in the national/international reputed journals. She is a dedicated, resourceful and innovative instructor for her students that helps in intellectual growth by creating an atmosphere of mutual respect and open communication.
Abstract:
Background: Cancer is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is malignant neoplasm arising from mucosal epithelium of oral cavity. Despite enormous efforts to find a cure, overall survival of cancer patients has not increased and new therapeutic approaches are needed. The main barriers to successful product development are a limited understanding of the biology of tumors. So to understand the development of safe and effective cancer biotherapeutics, it is must to know each and every aspect of tumor cell biology. Bone marrow-derived myeloid cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells and dendritic cells infiltrate malignant tumors in large numbers and are sometimes a prominent feature in the stroma of such tissue. Aim: Evaluation of infiltration of myeloid cells (Tumor Associated Tissue Eosinophil & Mast cells) in different grades (WHO grading) of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Material & Methods: Histopathologically diagnosed 30 cases of OSCC were categorized in to: 10 cases of WDSCC, 10 cases of MDSCC and 10 cases of PDSCC. Hematoxylin and eosin stain was used to evaluate TATE & toluidine blue special stain was used to evaluate the mast cells infiltration. Follow up of cases were done for 3 years. Result: We found significant association of TATE & mast cells infiltration in OSCC cases. These myeloid cells infiltration significantly associated with age of patients but did not show any significant association with gender, site & habit of cases. When we compared these cells infiltration with clinical stages & different histological grades of tumor, we found their infiltration is decreasing; from stages 1 to stage 3 of tumor and from well to poorly differentiated carcinoma. We also found the less infiltration of these myeloid in recurrence cases of OSCC. Conclusion: We can easily evaluate the presence of TATE with routine H & E stain and toluidine blue is economic special stain to evaluate the mast cells. Thus routine assessment of these cells will be helpful to better understand their role in OSCC cases. In the future, assessment of these cells could become useful for therapeutic approach in this subset of patients.
- Young Researchers Forum
Session Introduction
Sanchari Saha
MGM Medical College, India
Title: Incidence of H. pylori in upper GI endoscopy biopsies: Prospective and retrospective study with emphasis on special staining methods
Time : 11:30-11:45
Biography:
Sanchari Saha has graduated from Kishanganj Medical College, India in 2013. She has then worked as a Houseman at Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata for one year. Currently, she is pursuing MD in Pathology at MGM Medical College, India.
Abstract:
The present study includes retrospective and prospective study of 80 cases over a period of 5 years in Department of Pathology, MGM Medical College, Navi Mumbai. A total of 80 upper GI endoscopic biopsies were obtained from patients ranging between the age of 18-65 years with complaints of chronic upper abdominal symptoms, who were not suffering from active GI bleed, not on NSAIDS, not suffering from any systemic disease, who were non alcoholic or patients who underwent major Gastroduodenal surgery. The aim of study was to study the incidence of H. pylori in upper GI endoscopic biopsies. Identification of H. pylori with routine and special stains is to evaluate and correlate commonest symptoms of H. pylori infected patients and to study the age and sex distribution in H. pylori infection. We found 51 (63.8%) H. pylori positive cases and 29 (36.3%) H. pylori negative cases. This study was useful in diagnosing H. pylori in various gastric lesions. Routine H&E stain when supplemented with special stains like Warthin Starry, Modified Giemsa and Toluidine Blue helped in prompt identification of the pathogen, thereby alleviate the symptoms and prevent its sequelae. This study highlights the importance of incidence, endoscopic biopsies and identification of the bacilli, various gastric lesions and good comparison between different staining techniques such as H&E, Toluidine Blue, Modified Giemsa and Warthin Starry. It also includes the correlation of the endoscopic findings with histopathological interpretation of the endoscopic biopsies and also the analysis of the histopathological findings.
Kiranjeet Kaur
Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
Title: Unraveling the presence of sialoglycoconjugate specific antibodies in the serum samples of non-small cell lung cancer patients
Time : 11:45-12:00
Biography:
Kiranjeet Kaur has completed her Ph.D from Panjab University, India in 2014. She is currently working as pathology research assistant. She has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals and serving as an editorial board member of repute.
Abstract:
Aberrant glycosylation, in particular, alterations in sialylation status of glycans is a characteristic feature of cancer cells. Earlier studies in our laboratory have shown the presence of disease specific sialoglycoconjugate in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. However, little progress has been made in the identification of disease specific antibodies (a potential alternative marker in diagnosis) against these glycoconjugates. Thus, in the present study an attempt was made to assess the status of the disease associated sialoglyconjugate specific antibodies in the serum samples of NSCLC patients (IgGp) and healthy individuals (IgGc). It was observed that the level of fetuin (broad spectrum sialoglycoconjugate) specific IgG was significantly higher than fetuin specific IgM and IgA in both the cases. The presence of fetuin/ganglioside specific IgG was higher in control samples as compared to NSCLC patients as assessed by ELISA. Further, the purification of IgGp and IgGc was carried out by subjecting the pooled sera to Protein A Sepharose CL-4B column, separately. Purified IgGc showed significantly high specificity to fetuin as well as ganglioside as compared to IgGp. The interaction of IgGp and IgGc was also checked with the cells/membrane proteins of NSCLC cell lines via ELISA, Western blotting & Immunocytochemistry. Both IgGp and IgGc interacted with the bands of ~91 kDa and ~76 kDa whereas IgGp also interacted with bands of ~66 kDa and ~45 kDa. The finding of the present study suggest that IgGp antibody may have the potential to serve as a unique probe for the detailed investigation of disease associated sialoglycoconjugates on NSCLC cells.
Sougata Ghosh
Savitribai Phule Pune University, India
Title: AucoreAgshell nanoparticles with potent antibiofilm activity as novel nanomedicine
Time : 12:00-12:15
Biography:
Sougata Ghosh has completed his BSc and MSc in Microbiology from Savitribai Phule Pune University, India. He is working on novel nanomaterial for disease control and bacterial pathogenesis in his PhD research. He has published 35 international research papers in peer reviewed international journals and filed 3 patents which are widely appreciated in various national and international conferences.
Abstract:
Medicinal plants serve as a rich source of diverse bioactive phytochemicals that might even take part in bioreduction and stabilization of phytogenic nanoparticles with immense therapeutic properties. Dioscorea bulbifera is a potent medicinal plant used in both Indian and Chinese traditional medicine owing to its rich phytochemical diversity. Herein, we report the rapid synthesis of novel AucoreAgshell DBTE). AucoreAgshell NPs synthesis was completed within 5 hours showing a prominent peak at 540 nm. The bioreduced nanoparticles were characterized using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The particles were further checked for antibiofilm activity against bacterial pathogens. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to study the mechanism behind antibiofilm activity. HRTEM analysis revealed 9 nm inner core of elemental gold covered by a silver shell giving a total particle diameter up to 15 nm. AucoreAgshell NPs were comprised of 57.34±1.01% gold and 42.66±0.97% silver of the total mass. AucoreAgshell NPs showed highest biofilm inhibition up to 83.68±0.09% against Acinetobacter baumannii. Biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were inhibited up to 18.93±1.94%, 22.33±0.56% and 30.70±1.33%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed unregulated cellular efflux through pore formation leading to cell death. This is the first report of synthesis, characterization, antibiofilm and antileishmanial activity of AucoreAgshell NPs synthesized by D. bulbifera.